How it's calculated
Wall area is the total wall length times the height, less about 20 ft² per door and 15 ft² per window. Multiply by the number of coats and divide by the coverage on the can.
gallons = (length × height − doors × 20 − windows × 15) × coats ÷ coverage
Most interior wall paints cover 350–400 ft² per gallon on smooth, primed walls. Use 250–300 for textured walls, fresh drywall or a big color change. Two coats is standard.
Questions
How much paint for a 12×12 room?
With 8 ft walls, one door and two windows: about 334 ft², or just under 2 gallons for two coats.
Do I need primer?
Prime new drywall, patched areas, stained walls, and when switching from a dark color to a light one. Paint-and-primer products often cover a repainted wall in good shape without it.